Hiccups (also called hiccoughs) are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm — the muscle that separates your chest from your abdomen and plays an essential role in breathing. Each contraction is followed by a sudden closure of your vocal cords, which creates the characteristic "hic" sound.
Hiccups occur when your diaphragm gets irritated or stimulated, causing it to spasm. Common causes include:
- Eating too quickly
- Swallowing air while eating or drinking
- Carbonated beverages
- Spicy foods
- Sudden changes in temperature
- Stress or excitement
- Some medications
Most hiccups are brief and resolve on their own within a few minutes to a few hours. Home remedies people often try include:
- Holding your breath briefly
- Drinking water from the opposite side of the glass
- Swallowing granulated sugar
- Breathing into a paper bag
- Having someone surprise you
While most hiccups are harmless, persistent hiccups lasting more than 48 hours or recurring hiccups may indicate an underlying medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
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